How did scientist capture recent picture of Black Hole ?

(Image source NASA)

Its the first real image of a black hole. Until now we have the theory of black hole, cosmological data, artistic picture, black hole stimulation but we are not capable of taking pictures of the black hole and because of that there is a big question mark (?) on the existence of black hole. But that image clear the black hole is not just the blank imagination of us.

This image is of Messier 87 (M87) black hole which is 55 million light-years away from earth in the centre of Virgo constellation. This is image is mostly the same as Astronomer predicted and also prove Einstein general theory of relativity.

Anyway, this image is capture by Event Horizon telescope

Friends, first we will understand

• History Of Blackhole  

• How Scientist Detect Blackhole In Space  

• What is Event Horizon telescope and how it works

• How Scientist captures the Image of Black Hole

 History of Black Hole 

In 1915 Einstine Gave The General Theory Of Relativity and says that gravity is not the force but the distortion of space and time which is because of mass that means if an object has more mass then it will distort time and space more. Their theory gave the answer of that newton fail to explain which is " From where gravity arrived"  and how it worked But He noticed his Field Equation predicting some strange object. An Object which has an infinite Gravity and time nearly stops and possibly destroy space and time. 

(Image Source Google)

Because of these strange properties, Einstien believes that such an object doesn't exist. Yes we are talking about that object which now we called as Black Hole But only gave the approximate solution of Field theory On same year Kark Schwarzschild gave the prefect solution of field theory  and on the base of that that he gave the Schwarzschild coordinate, Schwarzschild Metric, Schwarzschild Radius, Schwarzschild Black Hole, Schwarzschild Wormholes Theories 

How Scientist Detect Blackhole in Space

Many Scientists Like Stephan hawking predict the different properties of black hole And Begins an Era of debate on Blackhole starts. Because of that appeal began to detect the black hole. But it's very difficult to detect black because this object has very strong gravity even light cannot escape and as a result, we cannot see them.

We want to detect Blackhole But hear the question arrives how?  The theory says that every galaxy has Black Hole In centre In such if we want to detect black hole we have to keep an eye on one of the centres of the galaxy Because blackhole has Strong gravitation we cannot see them directly.

(Image Source Google)

We can only see through their bright light which is generated in blackhole accretion disc that means If we found an object in the galaxy which has a bright light and a black spot in its centre that means its a black hole.

Anyway at first scientists plan was to try to detect black hole which in the centre of our Milkyway galaxy after that they found because of some reasons M87 Blackhole in Virgo constellation was easier to capture. 

Reasons

1. It was it is bigger in size than Milkyway blackhole.
2. There was many dust particle in the way of Milkyway blackhole and become impossible for the telescope to penetrate and capture the image.
3. It's easier to detect the bright light of M87 Than Milkyway galaxy  

So scientist decided to first capture the image of M87 

What is Event Horizon telescope and how it works

Event Horizon telescope xe its not a single telescope but the network of many telescopes located in different parts of the earth which is unique in its own way.

Let's see how Event Horizon works 

(Image Source Google)

A single telescope can only capture the image of the star. If we need to capture the black hole image we need a big size telescope.

Reason Behind It

The light waves near the black hole are in circular patten just like when you throw a stone in the lake it makes a circular pattern. If light waves came in the same pattern from a black hole it's not a difficult problem to capture them but the distance between the black hole is so wide that the light waves which are in circular patten when reaches to earth become plane. Which is very difficult to detect them? 

How Scientist captures the Image of Black Hole

So to take the picture of the black hole at that waveform we need a telescope which of earth size But its impossible to construct an earth-sized telescope 

(Image source google)

To overcome this problem scientist decided to synchronize all telescope which is located at different parts of the earth and they all are synchronized by an atomic clock that means they all will work together at the same time like a single telescope 

Because of event Horizon telescope is the network of many telescopes, their other every single telescope should synchronize perfectly (without any error)  if it's not then they will not work properly. 

• Reason Behind it 

 As we know the event horizon is the mixture of many telescopes. If they are not synchronized perfectly the data collected from the different telescope when they combine they will not get the perfect image of a black hole.

To ensure that they work together they synchronized all the telescope with atomic clock ( atomic clock get the difference of 1 sec in every 100 million years) 

After that Event horizon telescope keep an eye on M87 supermassive black hole  for many years at 1.3mm radius wavelength radio waves

The Recorded data of all telescope is in petabytes 

Because all data are in petabytes they cannot share through the internet so they stored in hard drives and after that, they transfer all data into a supercomputer and reconstruct the image.

After the image was ready, to ensure the image they send all data in different scientist and told them to reconstruct image without showing the real image.

Then they collect all data from different scientist all over the world. When they saw the image the get into a celebration all image are exactly the same as theirs.

And then they declare the real image of Black Hole.

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